Preliminary survey report on the clinical validation of in-use electronic sphygmomanometers in China / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the percentage of in-use electronic sphygmomanometers independently validated clinically in China. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey and Beijing, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Datong, and Shihezi were selected according to the geographical location and economic level. In each site, one tertiary hospital, two community health centers, and 20 families with electronic sphygmomanometers in use were chosen. The information of electronic sphygmomanometers including brand, model, manufacturer and production date were obtained by the trained staff. Ten electronic sphygmomanometers from each hospital, five electronic sphygmomanometers from each community health center, and one electronic sphygmomanometer from each family were surveyed, and the user's subjective judgment results and judgment basis on the accuracy of the electronic sphygmomanometer measurement were collected. We searched six registration websites (Medaval, Stride BP, dabl Educational Trust, British and Irish Hypertension Society, American Medical Association and Hypertension Canada) and two research databases (PubMed and CNKI) for the clinical validation status of each electronic sphygmomanometer. Results: A total of 200 electronic sphygmomanometers were investigated in this study, of which only 29.0% (58/200) passed independent clinical validation. When stratified by users, the percentage of being clinical validated was 46.0% (23/50) for electronic sphygmomanometers in hospitals, 42.0% (21/50) for those in community health centers and 14.0% (14/100) for those in home use, respectively, and the proportions between the three groups were significantly difference (P<0.001). Doctors in tertiary hospitals and community health service centers judged the accuracy of electronic sphygmomanometers mainly on the basis of "regular correction" (41.0% (41/100)) and "comparison with other electronic sphygmomanometers" (20.0% (20/100)), while among home users, 41.0% (41/100) were not clear about the accuracy of electronic sphygmomanometers, and 40.0% (40/100) made the judgment by "comparison with the devices in hospitals". Conclusion: The clinical validation of in-use electronic sphygmomanometers in China is low. Most of users, including healthcare professionals, are not aware of clinical validation of electronic sphygmomanometers.

Application value of dual-layer spectral detector CT in precise radiotherapy for central lung cancer with atelectasis / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of dual-layer spectral detector CT (DLSDCT) in precise radiotherapy for central lung cancer (CLC) complicated with atelectasis.Methods:Clinical and imaging data (including DLSDCT, PET-CT, and radiotherapy simulation CT images) of 26 patients with pathologically confirmed CLC accompanied by atelectasis from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Cancer Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. There were 21 males and 5 females, aged 36-82 years. Two physicians assessed CLC identifiability on DLSDCT, PET-CT, and simulation localization CT images, respectively, and outlined the gross tumor volume (GTV) and measured GTV values (GTV DLSDCT, GTV PET-CT, GTV CT). Paired-sample Friedman test was used to compare the differences in GTV of the three images, and the SNK test with Bonferroni correction was used for a two-way comparison. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to compare the agreement of measured GTV between 2 physicians. Results:The differentiation rates on PET-CT, DLSDCT, and simulation CT images were 100% (26/26), 80.77% (21/26), and 11.54% (3/26), respectively. The differentiation rate of CLC on DLSDCT images was significantly higher than that on simulation CT images (χ 2=16.06, P<0.001). GTV CT, GTV PET-CT, and GTV DLSDCT measured on simulation localization CT images, PET-CT images, and DLSDCT images were 58.75 (22.57, 86.17) cm 3, 47.34 (18.13, 69.25) cm 3, and 51.40 (18.87, 71.31) cm 3, respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ 2=44.99, P<0.001). Both GTV DLSDCT and GTV PET-CT were significantly smaller than GTV CT (χ 2=4.23, 6.59, Bonferroni corrected P<0.001), and there was no significant difference between GTV DLSDCT and GTV PET-CT (χ 2=2.36, Bonferroni corrected P=0.055). The agreement between the two physicians was good for GTV values measured on both DLSDCT and PET-CT (ICC=0.86, 0.89). Conclusions:On DLSDCT images, most CLC and atelectasis can be identified. Compared to simulation localization CT, the tumor target areas outlined on DLSDCT are closer to PET-CT, and the tumor volumes outlined by different physicians are more consistent.

Value of ultrasonic measurement of pubic symphysis distance during labor / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To explore the application value of ultrasonic measurement of the pubic symphysis distance in predicting pubic symphysis diastasis(PSD) during delivery.Methods:A total of 262 pregnant women from June 2021 to July 2022 who delivered at Suzhou Wuzhong People′s Hospital and Jiangyin People′s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into PSD group of 26 cases and normal pregnant women group (control group) of 234 cases according to whether or not PSD was confirmed during postpartum follow-up. Relevant data of the two groups were collected, including the biparietal diameter and femoral length of the fetus within 7 days before delivery, the pubic symphysis distance of pregnant women when the cervix was not dilated, pubic symphysis distance when the cervix dilated to 5 cm during the first stage of delivery, and the pubic symphysis distance after delivery, the age of the pregnant woman, the gestational week, the number of pregnancies, and the birth weight of the fetus. The differences of the above relevant data between the two groups were compared.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between various parameters. The occurrence of postpartum PSD, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the predictive value of various parameters on the occurrence of postpartum PSD. ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of each parameters to predict PSD.Results:The fetal birth weight, number of pregnancies, pubic symphysis distance in three time points in the PSD group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The age of the pregnant women was negatively correlated with the occurrence of postpartum PSD ( rs=-0.152, P=0.014). The fetal birth weight, the number of pregnancies, the pubic symphysis distance in the cervix no-dilated and the first stage of labor were positively correlated with the occurrence of postpartum PSD( rs=0.160, 0.166, 0.678, 0.581, all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of pubic symphysis distance before labor would increase the risk of postpartum PSD, and the difference was statistically significant ( OR=2 506.028, 95% CI=14.293-439 402.630, P=0.003). The increase of pubic symphysis distance at the first stage of labor increased the risk of postpartum PSD, with a statistically significant difference ( OR=10 704.027, 95% CI=33.830-3 386 803.429, P=0.002). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the pubic symphysis distance in the cervix no-dilated and the first stage of labor for the diagnosis of PSD were 0.896 and 0.917 respectively, the sensitivity were 0.731 and 0.885, the specificity were 0.940 and 0.829, and the corresponding critical values were 0.87 cm and 1.06 cm respectively. The area under the curve of the combination of the two parameters for the diagnosis of PSD was 0.930, the sensitivity was 0.885, and the specificity was 0.876. Conclusions:Ultrasonic measurement of pubic symphysis distance during delivery can predict the occurrence of postpartum PSD in pregnant women and can provide a basis for the occurrence and treatment of postpartum pubic symphysis separation in pregnant women.

Common types and treatment of elbow injuries in skiing or snowboarding / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the common types of elbow joint injuries in skiing or snowboarding and their treatment.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 90 patients with elbow injury caused by skiing or snowboarding who had been admitted to Department of Upper Limbs, Sichuan Orthopaedic Hospital from February, 2015 to February, 2022. There were 53 males and 37 females with an age of (31.8±8.4) years. The types of elbow injury, visual analogue scale (VAS), range of motion (ROM) of the elbow and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) of the patients were recorded before treatment and at the last follow-up.Results:Of the patients, 18 were treated conservatively (3 simple Mason type I radial head fractures and 15 O'Driscoll type I coronal process fractures) and 72 surgically. Their follow-up time was (31.3±18.7) months. The fractures all healed by the time of the last follow-up. Simple elbow fracture was observed in 63 patients, simple elbow dislocation in 2 patients, fracture plus dislocation in 25 patients. The posterior dislocation was the most common (22 cases). Among the elbow fractures, radial head fracture occurred in 27 patients, ulnar coronoid process fracture in 41 patients, proximal ulnar fracture in 13 patients, and distal humeral fracture in 28 patients. Collateral ligament injuries were complicated in 65 cases. In the patients undergoing conservative treatment, their VAS, elbow ROM, and MEPS were all improved significantly from 4.7±1.4, 92.2°±14.4° and 63.9±6.5 before treatment to 0.4 (0,1.0), 110.6°±0.6°, and 92.2±3.9 at the last follow-up ( P<0.05); in the patients undergoing surgical treatment, their VAS, elbow ROM, and MEPS were also all improved significantly from 5.6±1.7, 24.3°±18.4°, and 26.9±12.2 before surgery to 0.6 (0,1.0), 97.4°±14.0° and 86.6±7.1 at the last follow-up ( P<0.05). After surgery, 8 patients presented with neurological symptoms and 7 patients developed heterotopic ossification. Conclusions:In skiing or snowboarding, the coronoid process of the ulna is the most vulnerable to fracture. In the elbow injuries due to skiing or snowboarding, posterior dislocation is the most common type which is often accompanied by injuries to the medial and lateral collateral ligaments. For simple Mason type Ⅰ radial head fractures and O'-Driscoll type Ⅰ coronoid process fractures in which the elbow is stable, conservative treatment can be adopted; surgical treatment is indicated for the other injuries.

Qualitative research on digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with insomnia combined with depressive and/or anxious symptoms / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the physical and mental experience, treatment compliance and use barriers of patients with insomnia in using digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I) in order to provide qualitative evidence for the development and application optimization of the dCBT-I technology paradigm.Methods:From July to November 2021, a semi-structured interview outline was used to conduct in-depth interviews with the dCBT-I users ( n=10) to record their original feelings about the use of dCBT-I. Interpretative phenomenology's text analysis was used to explore the participants' experience and cognition of dCBT-I. Results:Text analysis and key information calibration were carried out on the verbatim transcripts of semi-structured interview recordings, and three core themes were extracted, namely stickiness factor, use barrier and optimization direction, as well as eight sub-themes, namely professionalism, accessibility, benefit experience, difficulty in task execution, instruction generalization, difficulty in software operation, enrich treatment content and personalized guidance.Conclusion:The present study showed that participants were receptive to the dCBT-I intervention and would be benefited from it.However, dCBT-I still needs to be optimized and improved to reduce the operating difficulty and explore more appropriate timing of manual intervention.

Development and application of an smart emergency respirator with open airway / 中华危重病急救医学

To solve the problems of insufficient airway opening, insufficient or excessive ventilation, ventilation interruption, and the rescuer's physical strength during the process of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) outside the hospital and in the hospital, and to ensure the accuracy of ventilation frequency rate and tidal volume. Zhongnan Hospital and School of Nursing, Wuhan University, jointly designed and developed a smart emergency respirator with open airway function, that has been granted National Utility Model Patent of China (ZL 2021 2 1557989.8). The device is structured of pillow, pneumatic booster pump and mask. It can be used simply by plugging the pillow under the patient's head and shoulder, turning on the power supply and wearing the mask. The smart emergency respirator can quickly and effectively open the patient's airway and give accurate ventilation with adjustable ventilation parameters. The default settings are 10 times/min in respiratory rate and 500 mL in tidal volume. The whole operation does not require the operator have professional operation ability, which can be independently applied used in any cases without oxygen source or power supply, therefore, the application scenario has no limit. The device has the advantages of small size, simple operation and low production cost, which can reduce human source, save physical strength and significantly improve the quality of CPR. The device is suitable for respiratory support in multiple scenes outside and inside the hospital, and can significantly improve the success rate of treatment.

Clinical analysis of 71 patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations and related risk factors of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) bloodstream infection, and to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment of PAE bloodstream infection after combining with bacterial resistance condition. Methods:The clinical data and biological data of all patients with PAE bloodstream infection who received treatment in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2019 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The independent influential factors of PAE bloodstream infection were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results:Eighty-three patients had PAE bloodstream infection. Among them, 71 patients were included in the final analysis. Among the 71 patients, 36 patients (50.70%) had carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( CRPA). Univariate analysis showed that the history of hospitalization within 90 days ( χ2 = 3.90, P = 0.048), indwelling catheterization ( χ2 = 5.08, P = 0.024), septic shock ( χ2 = 4.00, P = 0.046), mechanical ventilation ( χ2= 12.35, P < 0.001), deep venous catheter ( χ2 = 4.08, P = 0.043), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation score II ≥ 10 points ( χ2 = 4.06, P = 0.044), and multi-drug resistance ( χ2 = 11.75, P = 0.001) were the suspicious influential factors of CRPA bloodstream infection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that mechanical ventilation was an independent risk factor for CRPA bloodstream infection ( OR = 7.43, 95% CI 1.182-46.674, P = 0.032). Multi-drug resistance was an independent risk factor for CRPA bloodstream infection ( OR = 5.842, 95% CI 1.520-22.450, P = 0.010). Conclusion:Mechanical ventilation and multi-drug resistance are the independent influential factors of CRPA bloodstream infection. Invasive operations such as mechanical ventilation should be avoided in the clinic.

Minor triterpenoid acids from an aqueous extract of Uncaria rhynchophylla / 药学学报

Seventeen minor triterpenoid acids (1-17) were isolated from an aqueous decoction of Uncaria rhynchophylla by a combinatory application of column chromatography using multiple stationary phases, including macroporous adsorbent resin, MCI resin, Sephadex LH-20, Toyopearl HW-40C, silica gel, and C18 reversed phase silica gel, combined with separation techniques of flash chromatography (FC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their structures were determined by analysis of HR-ESI-MS, UV, CD, and IR as well as 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, of which eight new compounds (1-8) are named successively uncarinic acids Q-X, while the structures of 2 and 7 were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the in vitro assays, 27-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (17) inhibited TGF-β-induced HSC-T6 cell activation at the concentration of 5 μmol·L-1.

Clinical Effect of Fangfeng Tongshengsan on Post-chemoembolization Syndrome with Primary Liver Cancer or Postoperative Liver Metastases of Colorectal Cancer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of the Fangfeng Tongshengsan on post-chemoembolization syndrome with primary liver cancer or postoperative liver metastases of colorectal cancer. MethodSeventy-two patients suffered from post-chemoembolization syndrome after transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization were randomly divided into 2 groups， including a Fangfeng Tongshengsan group and a control group， with 36 patients in each group. The patients in Fangfeng Tongshengsan group orally took the decoction for consecutive 7 d. The patients in the control group were physically cooled down with alcohol rub bath and ice pack for consecutive 7 d. Furthermore， the difference of fever， Karnofsky performance status （KPS）， pain in the liver region， nausea vomiting， constipation， and liver function between these two groups were observed. ResultCompared with the control group， Fangfeng Tongshengsan significantly relieved fever， reduced the body temperature （P<0.05）， and shortened the duration of fever （P<0.05）， indicating that Fangfeng Tongshengsan remarkably improved the KPS （P<0.05）. Meanwhile， Fangfeng Tongshengsan obviously alleviated nausea， vomiting， and constipation status and shortened the duration time compared with the control group （P<0.05）. In addition， the parameters of liver function including alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， γ-glutamyl transpeptidase （GGT）， and total bilirubin （TBIL） were significantly decreased in the Fangfeng Tongshengsan group （P<0.05）， which indicated that Fangfeng Tongshengsan alleviated liver dysfunction of patients with post-chemoembolization syndrome. ConclusionFangfeng Tongshengsan can be used to treat post-chemoembolization syndrome with primary liver cancer and postoperative liver metastases of colorectal cancer.

Quality Evaluation of Mori Cortex from Different Producing Areas Based on Entropy Weight-TOPSIS Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of Mori Cortex from different producing areas by the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution（TOPSIS）， and to provide a new evaluation method for the quality control of Mori Cortex. MethodAccording to the five key indexes of color， thickness， texture， powdery and cortex remain， a subjective scoring table was designed to evaluate the appearance of Mori Cortex. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to determine the fingerprint and the contents of multiple components（mulberroside A， chlorogenic acid， oxyresveratrol， mulberroside C， sanggenone D， sanggenone C， morusin）， and chemometrics was used to explore the differential components of Mori Cortex from different habitats. On this basis， TOPSIS was used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Mori Cortex from different habitats， and SPSS 22.0 software was used to carry out bivariate correlation analysis between thickness and appearance color with contents of seven components of Mori Cortex. ResultThose with lighter color， thicker root bark， tougher texture， sufficient powder and less cortex remain scored higher， and the top five were all from Anhui. The established fingerprint and determination methods were stable and reliable. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） screened three components with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1（mulberroside A， sanggenone D， sanggenone C）， which made an important contribution to the difference in the origin of Mori Cortex. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between mulberroside C with lightness value（L*） and total chromaticity value（E*ab） and mulberroside A with yellow-blue value（b*）（P<0.05， P<0.01）， a significantly negative correlation between sanggenone C with b* and between morusin with L*（P<0.05， P<0.01）. And there was a significantly negative correlation between mulberroside A， chlorogenic acid， and morusin with thickness（P<0.01）， a clearly negative correlation between sanggenone D with thickness（P<0.05）， a significantly positive correlation between sanggenone C with thickness（P<0.01）. TOPSIS comprehensive scores showed that the samples from Anhui had a good score and ranked high. ConclusionThere are great differences in the quality of Mori Cortex from different habitats， and those with the close habitats show similar characteristics in appearance and component content， and lighter color and less cortex were positively correlated with the quality. Among them， the quality of Mori Cortex from Anhui is relatively good.

Babaodan Alleviates APAP-induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice by Inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase-1 Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Babaodan （BBD） on the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3/cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3 （NLRP3/Caspase-1） pathway proteins in mice with acetaminophen （APAP）-induced acute liver injury. MethodC57BL/6 mice were randomly grouped， and BBD （75， 150， 300 mg·kg-1， ig） was administered twice a day for three days. After 2 hours of the last administration， the mice were treated with APAP （400 mg·kg-1， ip）， and the eyeballs were removed to collect blood after 14 hours. Then they were sacrificed by cervical dislocation for sample collection. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes of liver tissue cells， and biochemical methods were used to detect the activities of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） in serum of mice in each group. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was performed to determine the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and IL-6， and Western blot was performed to determine the protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， NLRP3， Caspase-1 and IL-18 in the liver of mice. ResultCompared with the conditions in normal group， the hepatic lobule structure of mice in the model group was partially destroyed， and the hepatic sinusoids were dilated. And the expression levels of ALT and AST in serum， the protein levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， iNOS， IL-18 and COX-2 and the mRNA levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the administration groups had improvement in liver cell rupture and hepatic sinusoidal compression， and a dose-dependent decrease in the levels of ALT and AST in serum as well as the protein levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， iNOS， IL-18 and COX-2 and the the mRNA levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α in liver tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBBD can reduce APAP-induced acute liver injury in mice. The mechanism may be related to anti-oxidative stress， inhibition of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway， and decreased expression levels of IL-1β， IL-18， TNF-α and IL-6.

A historical review of dental schools founded by dentist Situ Bo in modern time / 中华口腔医学杂志

About 8 dental schools were founded by Chinese dentists during modern times (1909-1949) in China. Only one still worked after the founding of the People's Republic of China, which was one of the three dental schools founded by dentist Situ Bo. There were no systematic researches on Situ Bo's participation in dentistry education. This paper analyzes the founder's experience in dentistry and in the two schools he founded at the beginning, focusing on the background and process of the schools' construction, management, teaching, teachers and students training, etc. The results show that the establishment of the first two dental schools have laid important foundation for the establishment and development of Shanghai Dental College by the reserve of trained professional teachers and accumulated valuable experience in running schools. The systematic review of this history will help us better understand the establishment and development of Shanghai Dental College and the efforts in dentistry education made by dentists growed up in modern China, as well as the early development process of stomatology.

Analysis of influencing factors and clinical value of anterior peritoneal reflection for patients with rectal cancer / 中华外科杂志

Objectives: To investigate the factors influencing the height of anterior peritoneal reflection (APR) for patients with rectal cancer, and to analyze the relationship between the APR and the lateral lymph node metastasis. Methods: Clinical data of 432 patients with tumor located within and below APR were retrospectively collected from the rectal cancer database at the Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from August 2020 to September 2022. Ninty-eight non-rectal cancer patients were also enrolled as a control group. There were 308 males and 124 females in the tumor group, aged (M(IQR)) 62 (16) years (range: 24 to 85 years) and 53 males and 45 females in the control group, aged 60 (22) years (range: 27 to 87 years). The APR height, pelvis, and tumor-related parameters were measured by MRI. A multifactor linear regression model was established to analyze the dependent correlation factors of APR height. These factors of the two groups were matched by propensity score matching and their APR heights were compared after matching. An ordinal Logistic regression model was established to explore the relationship between APR-related parameters and radiographic lateral lymph node metastasis. Results: The APR height of the tumor group was (98.7±14.4) mm (range: 43.3 to 154.0 mm) and the control group was (95.1±12.7) mm (range: 68.0 to 137.9 mm). Multivariable linear regression revealed that the greater the weight (B=0.519, 95%CI: 0.399 to 0.640, P<0.01), the anterior pelvic depth (B=0.109, 95%CI: 0.005 to 0.213, P=0.039) and the smaller the bi-ischial diameter (B=-0.172, 95%CI:-0.294 to -0.049, P=0.006), the higher the APR height. The tumor group had a higher APR height than the control group after propensity score matching ((98.3±14.2) mm vs. (95.1±12.7) mm, t=-1.992, P=0.047). Ordinal Logistic regression indicated that the longer segment of the tumor invade the nonperitoneal rectum was an independent influencing factor of radiographic lateral lymph node metastasis (OR=1.016, 95%CI: 1.002 to 1.030, P=0.021), while the distance between the anal verge and the tumor was not (OR=0.986, 95%CI: 0.972 to 1.000, P=0.058). Conclusions: The higher the weight, the deeper and narrower the pelvis, the higher the APR height. There is a certain relationship between APR and lateral lymph node metastasis on imaging.

Formation of professor Mao Xiejun's thoughts on stomatological education / 中华口腔医学杂志

Professor Mao Xiejun wrote a report about dental education of China in 1935. From 1948 to 1950, he published three articles containing the educational idea of "developing dentistry into stomatology". When he served as the director of the Faculty of Dentistry of Peking University Medical School in July 1950, he proposed to rename the Faculty of Dentistry into the Faculty of Stomatology,which were approved by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China in one month. The Chinese Medical Association established the Society of Stomatology the next year. Later, dentistry was successively changed into stomatology, and medical content was integrated into dental education, which was of great significance and far-reaching influence. During the developments of the thought of stomatological education in China, Professor Mao Xiejun evidently played a pivotal role. In this paper, the formation process of the thoughts of stomatological education related to professor Mao Xiejun's contribution is elucidated through studying the archives, personal letters, and historical documents, so as to enrich the researches on the history of stomatology in China and to facilitate better understanding and promoting the development of stomatology.

Current status and research progress of occupational health monitoring in welding fume operations / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Welding operations are widely present in the manufacturing production process, involving a large number of occupational groups, and are the key occupations where work injuries and occupational diseases occur in China. For different welding processes and welding materials, the content and focus of occupational health monitoring are different. At present, the item of occupational health examination in welding operation is in poor consistency with the on-site exposure of occupational hazard factors, and it is mainly concentrated in the stage of disease development, which can not reflect the early health damage caused by welding dust exposure in time. The emergence of biomarkers of welding dust can make up for this defect. Therefore, it is of great significance to describe the current situation of occupational health monitoring of welding dust and summarize the research progress of related biomarkers for the early prevention of diseases caused by welding dust and the practice of occupational health monitoring.

Epidemiological Survey of Hemoglobinopathies Based on Next-Generation Sequencing Platform in Hunan Province, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study was aimed at investigating the carrier rate of, and molecular variation in, α- and β-globin gene mutations in Hunan Province.@*METHODS@#We recruited 25,946 individuals attending premarital screening from 42 districts and counties in all 14 cities of Hunan Province. Hematological screening was performed, and molecular parameters were assessed.@*RESULTS@#The overall carrier rate of thalassemia was 7.1%, including 4.83% for α-thalassemia, 2.15% for β-thalassemia, and 0.12% for both α- and β-thalassemia. The highest carrier rate of thalassemia was in Yongzhou (14.57%). The most abundant genotype of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia was -α 3.7/αα (50.23%) and β IVS-II-654/β N (28.23%), respectively. Four α-globin mutations [CD108 (ACC>AAC), CAP +29 (G>C), Hb Agrinio and Hb Cervantes] and six β-globin mutations [CAP +8 (C>T), IVS-II-848 (C>T), -56 (G>C), beta nt-77 (G>C), codon 20/21 (-TGGA) and Hb Knossos] had not previously been identified in China. Furthermore, this study provides the first report of the carrier rates of abnormal hemoglobin variants and α-globin triplication in Hunan Province, which were 0.49% and 1.99%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study demonstrates the high complexity and diversity of thalassemia gene mutations in the Hunan population. The results should facilitate genetic counselling and the prevention of severe thalassemia in this region.

Interventional treatment and early-stage follow-up of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the application value of percutaneous peripheral interventional therapy in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septal (PA-IVS). Methods: Retrospective case summary. The data was collected from 25 children who were hospitalized at the Children's Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine from August 2019 to August 2022, had been diagnosed with PA-IVS by echocardiography, and underwent interventional treatment. The sex, age, weight, operation time, radiation exposure time, and radiation dose of the patients were collected. The patients were divided into the arterial duct stenting group and the non-stenting group. Preoperative tricuspid annular diameters and Z scores, right ventricular length diameters, and right ventricular/left ventricular length-diameter ratios were compared by paired t-tests. Right ventricular systolic pressure difference, oxygen saturation, lactic acid before and after the surgery were compared for 24 children who received percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. Right ventricular improvement in 25 children after operation was analyzed. The correlation between postoperative oxygen saturation and postoperative right ventricular systolic blood pressure difference, the degree of pulmonary valve opening and the Z value of tricuspid valve ring in the non-stenting group were analyzed. Results: A total of 25 patients with PA-IVS were enrolled in the study, of whom 19 were males and 6 females, with an age at surgery of 12 (6, 28) days and a weight of (3.7±0.5) kg. One of them underwent only stenting of the arterial duct; 20 children underwent only percutaneous pulmonary valve perforation and balloon angioplasty; 4 children underwent both procedures. The Z-value of the tricuspid ring was -1.5±1.2 in the group with arterial duct stenting, and -0.1±0.4 in the group without stenting (t=2.77, P=0.010). The tricuspid regurgitant flow rate 1 month after surgery was significantly lower than the preoperative ((3.4±0.6) vs. (4.8±0.9) m/s, t=6.62,P<0.001). In the 24 children with percutaneous pulmonary valve perforation and balloon angioplasty, the preoperative right ventricular systolic blood pressure was (110±32) mmHg, and the postoperative systolic blood pressure was (52±19) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) (F=59.55, P<0.001). The factors that may affect postoperative oxygen saturation in 20 cases of non-stenting group were analyzed. The results suggested that the pre and post-operative right ventricular systolic blood pressure differences (r=-0.11, P=0.649), and the pulmonary valve orifice opening (r=-0.31, P=0.201) and tricuspid annulus Z value (r=-0.18, P=0.452) at 1 month after the operation were not significantly correlated with the postoperative oxygen saturation. Conclusions: Interventional therapy can be used as the first choice for one-stage operation of PA-IVS. Percutaneous pulmonary valve perforation and balloon angioplasty are more suitable for children with well-developed right ventricles, tricuspid annulus, and pulmonary arteries. While the smaller the tricuspid annulus, the more dependent it is on the ductus arteriosus and thus patients are more suitable for arterial duct stenting.

Improving acupuncture research: progress, guidance, and future directions / 中国针灸

This paper makes an interpretation of the collection Acupuncture: how to improve the evidence base published by BMJ & BMJ Open. Studies show that the quality of randomized controlled trial (RCT) of acupuncture is low, and multivariable Meta-regression analysis fails to confirm most factors commonly believed to influence the effect of acupuncture. The methodological challenges in design and conduct of RCT in acupuncture were analyzed, and a consensus on how to design high-quality acupuncture RCT was developed. The number of acupuncture systematic reviews was huge but the evidence was underused in clinical practice and health policy, and a large number of western clinical practice guidelines recommended acupuncture therapy, but the usefulness of recommendations needed to be improved. In view of the problems in clinical research on acupuncture mentioned in this collection, combined with the analysis of the purpose of clinical research on acupuncture, perspectives, study types, as well as the relationship between evidence and clinical decision-making, a five-stage study paradigm of clinical research on acupuncture is proposed.

HPLC Fingerprint Analysis of Benchmark Sample of Yanghetang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish a high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） fingerprint of Yanghetang benchmark sample， and evaluate its quality with chemometric methods， so as to provide a reference for the quality control of this benchmark sample. MethodHPLC was used to establish the fingerprint of Yanghetang benchmark sample with ZORBAX SB-C18 column（4.6 mm×250 mm， 5 μm）， the mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile（A） -0.05% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （containing 0.05% triethylamine solution）（B） for gradient elution（0-5 min， 2%-3%A； 5-15 min， 3%-5%A； 15-65 min， 5%-30%A； 65-90 min， 30%-70%A）， the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1， the column temperature was 35 ℃， and the detection wavelength was 210， 260 nm. Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System （2012 edition） combined with cluster analysis， principal component analysis（PCA） and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） were used to evaluate the quality differences between different batches of Yanghetang benchmark samples， and to find the main chemical components responsible for the quality differences. ResultHPLC fingerprint of Yanghetang benchmark sample was established， 13 common peaks were identified and attributed to each common peak， including peaks 2 and 8 from Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata， peaks 10 and 11 from Cinnamomi Cortex， peaks 1， 3-6 from fried Sinapis Semen， peak 13 from Ephedrae Herba， and peaks 7， 9， 12 from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Eight of them were identified by comparing with control substance， which were 5-hydroxymethylfurfural（peak 2）， sinapine thiocyanate（peak 4）， glycyrrhizin（peak 7）， verbascoside（peak 8）， cinnamic acid（peak 10）， cinnamaldehyde（peak 11）， glycyrrhizic acid（peak 12） and ephedrine hydrochloride（peak 13）. The similarities of the HPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of Yanghetang benchmark samples with the control fingerprint were all greater than 0.80. The three chemometric methods could classify the samples into two categories. Eight differential components were screened out， among which 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， sinapine thiocyanate， verbascoside and ephedrine hydrochloride were identified. ConclusionThe established fingerprint analysis method is accurate， stable and reproducible， which basically reflects the overall chemical composition of Yanghetang benchmark sample， and can provide a basis for establishment of quality standards for compound preparations of this famous classical formula.

Changes in peripapillary choroidal thickness within one year of the first episode of acute primary angle closure glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the changes in peripapillary choroidal thickness(pCT)within 1a of the first episode of acute primary angle closure glaucoma(APACG).METHODS: A prospective cohort study. A total of 31 patients with APACG who admitted to the ophthalmology department of Shijiazhuang People's Hospital from October 2015 to September 2019 were selected, with 31 eyes in attack group, 31 fellow eyes in preclinical group and 30 cases(30 eyes)in control group. pCT of the three groups was measured respectively at the attack period, 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery.RESULTS: The pCT of the attack group was thicker than that in the attack period when at 1wk after surgery, and continued to become thinner within the following 1a(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). The pCT of the attack group was thicker than that of the other two groups during the attack period and at 1wk after surgery, while it became thinner at 1a(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). In the attack group, the average pCT was positively correlated with the duration of intraocular hypertension and negatively correlated with the anterior chamber depth(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: For patients with first episode of APACG, pCT was diffusely thickened during attack and at 1wk after surgery. The pCT returned to normal at 1mo, while it became thinner at 1a. Furthermore, the average pCT was positively correlated with the duration of intraocular hypertension, and the choroidal thickness may play an important role in the attack of APACG.